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The distinguishing features of McKee Fluidized Glazing & Cladding are therefore :-
1 The FG & C system is active not passive. It has memory (storage), it may be temporal in action
i.e. energy exchanges do not have to take place at the same instant in time.
2 An FG window is an integral part of a system of other hydraulically connected FG windows.
3 All absorbed solar energy may be dissipated at low temperatures without any extra cooling, including all the internal heat gains in the building, from lights, equipment, people etc.
4 When required the absorbed energy may be used rather than dissipated. i.e. to heat the building.
4.3 Energy dissipation from fluidized facades Figure 2
4.3.1 During times of sunshine
With all facades thermally (hydraulically) connected together the facades are able to dissipate all the absorbed solar energy impinging on the building, both direct (beam) and diffuse radiation at a fluid / facade temperature of only 2 to 4 deg. C above ambient, even during very sunny times. See graphs of facade temperatures
Detailed practical considerations and calculations that prove this aspect are available for those interested. Ask for File FGDISS1
4.3.2 During night time and times of low solar radiation
With all facades thermally (hydraulically) connected together the fluid/facade temperature will be significantly lower than the ambient temperature, due to convection and radiation loss from the total facade area. The sky radiation temperature is always lower than ambient, in times of clear sky can be more than 20 deg. C lower.
Detailed practical considerations and calculations that prove this aspect are available for those interested.
4.4 Facades connected to thermal storage - tanks of water
4.4.1 Warm store
If in section 4.3.1 the facades are also enabled to be selectively connected to means of storing thermal energy - a suitably sized tank of water, a "warm store" the solar energy may be used rather than simply dissipated, to warm the building when needed.
4.4.2 Cool store
If in section 4.3.2 the facades are also enabled to be selectively connected to means of storing thermal energy - a suitably sized tank of water, a "cool store", the very large thermal & sky radiation losses available may be used very efficiently to remove energy from the store thus significantly reducing the temperature of it. Enabling the building to be cooled when needed and he internal energy from solar gain, people & equipment, PC's and lights to be dissipated from the facades.
NO OTHER CLADDING SYSTEM CAN DO THIS.
4.4.1/2 Cool store - Heat Pump - Warm store
In order to cope with extreme conditions or for climates with small temperature variation day to night a relatively small Heat Pump (HP) may be placed between the cool and warm stores. Thus pumping heat from the cool to the warm store and enabling dissipation from the facades to be effective even when ambient temperature is higher than that of the desired interior . The coefficient of performance (C.o.P) of the heat pump would be high and therefore the power input relatively small.
4.4.3 Facade - those in shade / those in sunshine
Whilst the fluid is always flowing ( unless the flow is deliberately stopped) the separate facades may be isolated individually or in groups, the fluid being mixed amongst facades or mixed via the fluid to store heat exchangers. or both at the same time. Thus allowing the solar energy impinging on the building to be dissipated at the same time as the energy stores are cooled or heated.
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